Catapults work by storing tension either in twisted ropes or a flexed piece of wood. When the catapult is released, it quickly transforms from potential energy to kinetic energy. Then the kinetic energy is transformed into gravitational potential energy as the object flies in the air. Once the ball is launched, the only forces acting are gravity and resistance. Gravity accelerates the ball in the negative y direction. Air resistance accelerates the ball in the opposite direction of travel.
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